Depression in women is twice that of men! When she showed these 10 manifestations, she was depressed!

 Women are twice as likely to suffer from depression as men, and as many as one-quarter of women will experience severe depression at some stage of their lives, which may be related to changes in women’s hormone levels throughout their lives.

During adolescence, pregnancy, menopause, and after childbirth or abortion, women's hormone levels change significantly, which may lead to premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual anxiety.

They may have the following behaviors:

1. Persistent sadness, anxiety or "empty" emotions;

2. Lost interest in entertainment activities or feel no pleasure from them, including sexual behavior;

3. Irritable, irritable, or extremely sad, often crying;

4. Feeling guilty, worthless, helpless, hopeless, pessimistic;

5. Lethargy or insomnia, wake up very early;

6. Appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating or weight gain;

7. Feeling lack of energy and fatigue;

8. Thoughts of death or suicide or attempted suicide;

9. Difficulty in concentrating, memory loss or indecision;

10. Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain.

Sometimes, a depressed woman will suddenly experience a high mood, which may be because she is suffering from bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder ranges from depression low to mania high, and mood changes can fluctuate within days, weeks, or months.

This is also a serious disease that requires timely treatment.

The symptoms of mania are as follows:

1. Abnormally high mood

2. Irritability

3. Reduced sleep needs

4. Ideas are unrealistic

5. Increased desire to talk and chat

6. Thoughts are like tides

7. Increased activities, including sexual behavior

8. Significant increase in energy

9. Poor judgment can easily lead to risky behaviors

10. Inappropriate social behavior

How do we take care of patients with depression in life?

In the current life, the rate of development and reform of depression diseases is very high. Therefore, every person at work should actively prevent the emergence of such mental diseases, so as not to cause serious trouble to our normal life, but in treatment In the process of depression, family and friends should also pay more attention to the care and assistance of patients, and they should also pay more attention to the implementation of the work of caring for patients with depression. Then how should we care for patients with depression in daily life? ?

1. Supervise to take medicine

First of all, we must always observe the patient's medication problems. In fact, patients with depression are likely to forget to take medication. Therefore, we should be active patients every day. Even if they take medication, if they take medication in time, it is It can help patients prevent the phenomenon of disease recurrence, and can also prevent the depression of patients from being seriously affected, and it can also avoid serious threats to their own health and the health of others.

2, observe the condition

In the process of caring for patients with depression, we must also pay more attention to the observation of the patient’s condition. Once the patient’s condition is complicated or becomes serious, we must promptly take the patient to the hospital for treatment. Some At that time, patients with depression are very afraid of being discriminated against by others, and they often experience despair and suicide. Therefore, we must pay more attention to the occurrence of such a phenomenon, and try to avoid the phenomenon of harming ourselves due to conversion.

3, life care

In normal life, patients with depression are likely to suffer from lack of sleep. Therefore, in the process of doing this, we must be vigilant about the diet problems of patients with depression, and try to let patients eat more foods that they usually like to eat. It is also necessary to live in a more comfortable environment as much as possible. It is necessary to effectively control the phenomenon of continuous weakening due to aftershocks through the adjustment of diet, and to actively cultivate the patient's life interest.

Most people are very afraid of the appearance of depression, and we are also very afraid that we are suffering from a serious mental illness, but don’t worry too much. Once such a disease occurs, first of all, we must pay more attention to the observation of the condition. Once the symptoms of depression appear, we must go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time to avoid unnecessary troubles caused by the disease to our body.

Depression is "unhappy"? Depression is a disease that can be easily misunderstood

 Today, there are still many depressed people who are not understood or understood because they panic, blame themselves, and dare not ask for help. They are experiencing pain:

　　What are the manifestations of depression?

　　 How can I tell if I am depressed or depressed?

　　When depression comes to my door, how can I save myself or help people around me...

　　In fact, before the situation gets worse, we should all understand our psychological condition better, and prevent and improve it in time.

　　 Research on the onset of depression

Modern medicine studies the onset of depression. The human body has obvious biochemical, neuroendocrine, brain electrical and physiological abnormalities, brain imaging and other physical abnormalities. Depression is not just a mental change, but a real physical change. In layman's terms, it is It is a disease like a cold.

The modern medical model is a bio-psycho-social medical model, which means that through recent years of research on the causes of disease and death, we have found that psychological and social factors have a huge impact on the occurrence, development and outcome of diseases, and diseases can also bring psychological abnormal.

　　In other words, emotions have a great influence on the production and development of the body and diseases. Health must be a two-way physical and psychological health. Bad emotions can also affect our work, life and interpersonal communication.

　　 Here we first confirmed that depression is a disease, and health is a two-way mental and physical health.

　　 What should I do when I find that I am suffering from depression?

　　 Knowledge of diseases; regular and balanced diet; keeping a diary; self-motivation; learning to relax; moderate exercise; dealing with people; participating in mutual aid groups.

　　If friends or relatives suffer from depression, how can we help them?

　　 First of all, you should learn more about depression. Depression is a disease, not a cowardice. Depression can be treated, and the support of friends and family members is conducive to the recovery of depression patients, but recovery requires time, patience and perseverance.

　　Secondly, I can help. Only listen without judgment, and actively provide support and help; encourage the other party to seek professional help and take the initiative to accompany them to appointments; help patients adopt regular eating and sleeping habits; encourage patients to exercise regularly and participate in social activities.

　　 If you have a patient who has been diagnosed with depression, from now on, give them more understanding and tolerance, and help them overcome depression together!

Why is depression always difficult to cure over and over again?

 The treatment of depression is always repeated and tortures the body and mind. Why does it cause depression to be repeatedly difficult to treat?

1. History of multiple episodes of depression:

　　 For many patients with depression, the cognition that "the more the onset of depression, the longer it takes to take medication" is familiar to many patients.

　　 is generally not a problem in itself, but when we face relapse of depression, we also need to consider other predisposing factors for relapse of depression, such as the residual problems of treatment after the previous onset.

　　 To put it simply, this relapse of depression may be caused by incomplete treatment after the last episode.

As for the recurrence of depression, studies have shown that after the first depressive episode, 50%-85% of patients will relapse in the future, and as the number of recurrences increases, the risk of recurrence increases. With each additional episode, the risk increases approximately. 16%.

　　2. Stimulus on life events:

The stimulation of negative events in life will promote the recurrence of depression, which may put the patient in a high-risk state. These negative events include conflicts with the TA person, financial difficulties, unemployment, loss of love, divorce, and loss of important relatives. Wait.

　　 For example, the other half of someone suddenly proposes to divorce him, and he has no mental preparation. This is a sad thing for him. Sudden stimulation may cause him to be depressed.

　　3. Early onset should be noted:

　　For depression patients, regardless of the low-age or advanced-age depression caused by individual special factors, the age of onset of most depression patients is mostly between 20 and 30 years old.

　　 During this period of onset, if the patient's age of onset is younger, the probability of recurrence will be relatively greater.

　　 4. The patient’s character before illness:

Depression patients are often more pessimistic than ordinary people, but this does not mean that people who are often cheerful will not suffer from depression. Many depressed patients often tend to be pessimistic about the world. People with this kind of personality characteristics The risk of recurring depression is relatively high. According to the survey, the recurrence rate of introverted depression patients is much higher than that of extroverted patients.

　　 And this kind of habitually bad way of thinking, we call it a negative cognitive concept.

　　 This is like, many of our friends nowadays have the habit of taking out their mobile phones for a glance, and sometimes even if there is no information reminder, they will take out their mobile phones to swipe twice. This is a habit.

　　 5. The patient's compliance is relatively poor:

　　 The patient does not have a correct understanding of his mental illness, and always feels that he has depression as a "dreadful disease". Of course, there are still many people who misunderstand depression as a "hypocritical disorder" or a "disorder of wealth". If they cannot be treated correctly, the treatment will inevitably go into a misunderstanding.

　　 In addition, my own compliance is relatively poor, and I do not actively cooperate with professional treatment, or give up treatment directly. It is also possible that when they feel that their condition has improved, they will stop taking the medicine, but at this time they have not achieved a complete recovery, and the depression will easily relapse.

Depression patients need more care and companionship. The cause of their illness may also be the departure of certain people or the stimulation of certain things. As long as they untie their heart knots, they can help them get out of the shadows as soon as possible. , To welcome a better life; in addition, it is to actively seek professional treatment and carry out correct conditioning, thereby effectively reducing depression.

Using artificial intelligence technology to make it possible to predict and intervene in cognitive impairment and major depression

 A few days ago, the strategic cooperation unit of Shanghai International Medical Center, Yiji Medical FristBe, and Japan have used artificial intelligence to quantitatively grasp and predict the time and possibility of onset of cognitive impairment and major depression by studying MRI (T1-weighted image) of subjects. The signing ceremony is completed online to make it possible to predict and intervene in the clinical and research work of cognitive impairment and major depression.

It is reported that the two parties will adhere to the principle of "resource sharing, resource complementation, and health delivery", using the latest Japanese technology, focusing on the Chinese elderly care industry, in the "judgment of dementia (commonly known as Alzheimer's disease, hereinafter specifically referred to as Alzheimer's disease). In-depth cooperation in the field of "the current status and development trend of the disease", hoping to contribute to the creation of a healthy aging community in China through early detection and early intervention of the disease.

According to the "Research Report on the Family Survival Status of Alzheimer's Disease Patients in China in 2019" released by the China Geriatric Healthcare Association, as of 2019, China has 10 million patients with Alzheimer's disease, which is the largest number in the world. One person will be added every second, and it is estimated that by 2050, this group will exceed 30 million people. This disease has also become the fourth killer that threatens the health of the elderly after heart, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancer. As a degenerative disease of the nervous system with an insidious onset, patients with Alzheimer’s disease do not know new friends from the beginning, gradually do not know old friends, and finally do not know themselves. It is currently one of the top ten causes of death from chronic diseases in humans. In addition, patients with Alzheimer's disease will live without self-esteem in the last 10 to 20 years, making their family members miserable and embarrassed. As the patient’s family described it: one person is demented, and the whole family is out of balance.

Shanghai International Medical Center and Yiji Medical FristBe and Japan’s Alisa Company use advanced technology to conduct brain imaging analysis, build a "diagnostic support, predictive prevention" system for cognitive impairment diseases, and provide new technology, The new ideas provide us with reference and thinking in dealing with China's entry into an aging society.

At the same time, the collaboration technology between FristBe and Elisa in Yiji Medical can also be applied to the screening of major depression. In 2019, Professor Huang Yueqin from Peking University Sixth Hospital published a research article in The Lancet Psychiatry In China, the 12-month prevalence rate of depression patients in China is 3.6%, while the lifetime prevalence rate reaches 6.9%. Based on this estimate, there are approximately 95 million depression patients in my country. This data also means that out of every 15 people, there is a depression patient, they exist around us.

To predict the detection and development of dementia, or for patients and their families who need to be screened for major depression, they can be first diagnosed by the International Medical Department of the Shanghai International Medical Center specially appointed by Yiji Medical FristBe, and perform thin-layer brain MRI detection. , Through the diagnosis and evaluation of experts, through cloud transmission to realize data sharing with Japan Elisa, and perform artificial intelligence analysis, you can judge the subject’s current brain health and the future risk of dementia or severe disease. The time axis is calculated, and finally interpreted by experts from the Shanghai International Medical Center and corresponding treatment and intervention are adopted.

It is believed that in the near future, the middle-aged and elderly people in our country can realize the predictability of dementia, and the people under pressure can also realize the screening of major depression, and then carry out scientific intervention earlier.

we should pay more attention to drinking water well, it can alleviate depression

Depression has become the fourth major disease threatening human health, and its prevalence is on the rise. It is predicted that by 2020, depression may become the second largest disease after heart disease. Depression has become an unavoidable topic.

water, a natural antidepressant

Depression is a mental illness characterized by significant and lasting depression, and lack of serotonin is one of the main characteristics of depression. The mechanism of action of many antidepressants is to slow down the degradation of serotonin and prolong the effect of serotonin on The duration of action of nerve endings.

To synthesize serotonin, an amino acid, tryptophan, is indispensable. Drinking plenty of water can maintain a stable supply of tryptophan in the brain tissue in various direct or indirect ways, thereby preventing the lack of serotonin.

When the human body is in a dehydrated state, it cannot form enough urine to effectively discharge the metabolic waste products in the body and the acidic substances in the cells. In order to neutralize the acidity in cells, the human body needs to decompose some amino acids to maintain an alkaline internal environment. Drinking a lot of water can not only fully discharge the metabolic waste in the body, but also automatically maintain the acid-base balance in the cells, thereby saving valuable amino acids, including tryptophan, and effectively preventing depression.

Any substance that enters the brain through the blood-brain barrier requires a special delivery system. Tryptophan and the other 5 amino acids use the same delivery system. Under dehydration, the concentration of other amino acids will increase, which will occupy the available space in the delivery system and reduce the supply of tryptophan in the brain. 

Water not only generates heat to help tryptophan pass through the blood-brain barrier, but also accelerates the process of tryptophan entering brain cells through a series of indirect effects.

I am proud of being a severely depressed person!

    I'm telling the truth. You have a sense of stigma. It is caused by a lot of wrong ideas that put you on a lot of wrong hats. The main reason is that Western medicine classifies depression as mental illness, which is a bit too unacceptable. .

    Don't care about the nouns, look at the essence!

    Those disease names are just a noun from Western medicine. In essence, speaking lightly means that you have encountered some problems in your heart and can't get out. Using our theory of quantum mechanics plus energy state to go deeper, it is because you are in an energy state of worry, fear, helplessness, doubt, resentment, etc., failing to adjust your mentality in time leads to walking too long and deep, and finally close to those who are The negative energy is completely entangled and can't be shaken off.

    The other anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, neurasthenia, all those disease names are a noun, artificially added, it is nothing at all.

    If you put a hat on yourself for this, and keep strengthening in your heart, you are depression, you are anxiety, you are obsessive-compulsive, you are phobia, then you are constantly strengthening your psychological problems And symptoms, know that the aggravation of the disease is because you are old and negative thinking about the problem. Don't label yourself, I only say this term for convenience, otherwise I wouldn't want to put this hat on anyone at all.

    There are many wrong ideas that mislead the public

    Now so many people are doing greed, fornication, and dirty things, and some people shamelessly call fornication by a professional term called TD. These people are really disgusting and beyond description. These people don't feel ashamed, but they feel it is a kind of glory. We just have some difficulties in our hearts. What is so ashamed of?

    In addition, many people will say that people with depression are either too high-spirited, too persistent, too perfectionist, too stubborn, and so on. I don't think these are shortcomings at all. These characteristics are a double-edged sword.

    Before I was depressed, my ideal was to make a lot of money, and I didn't think about being big, I could think of going to the whole world every time I had an idea. And because I am obsessed in the wrong direction, stubbornly stubborn, and perfectionism, there will definitely be such a life and death disaster.

    If it weren't for depression, I'm afraid I would also go to a day of self-destruction on the road of greed and lust. It was depression that gave me a warning, telling me that I was wrong, and I should look back quickly, and there is still help. So, my heart turned around, it's all right, and it's better than before.

    Friends who have not come out may not understand that you have negative emotional energy all day long, and you are so excited about negative emotions. All day long is a little thing. In your heart, you magnify the pain to infinite times, and then you still have the ability to discover negative energy. It's very strong, so I find bad things all day long, amplify the pain all day, and enter this endless loop, which is really terrible.

    When I turned over, I found a good thing. The negative energy seemed to expand my brain capacity or inner space very widely, so after turning my mind towards positive energy, my thinking easily surpassed the best time by dozens of times. more than.

    I also found that when I turned myself into positive energy, because I had a strong awareness of the negative energy behaviors that caused the roots of pain, I now naturally reject negative energy things and have a particularly strong attraction to positive energy. Just like to do positive things, the more you do, the happier and happier you are.

    I just turned my direction towards positive energy, but my personality hasn't changed much. Take this thing as an example. My original intention from the very beginning was to help people suffering from depression, anxiety, neurasthenia, and all mental and mental problems all over the world get rid of pain, gain true health and come from the heart. Happiness and happy life.

    Is this big heart? It is estimated that 99.99% of people think I am bragging. No matter what you think, this is my real wish. But am I suffering because of it? Obviously not, but because of my persistence, a personality that likes to be thorough and perfectionism, the more I do, the better I am.

    I know that many people with depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have this trait. As long as you get the right direction of your heart, then you don’t need to listen to other people’s enlightenment at all, and you don’t have to set your goals too high. Up.

    It's not good! The size of a person’s heart is innate. If you don’t let him send it out, you will feel aggrieved and uncomfortable. Just don’t send it in the wrong direction, and do things that are beneficial to others, to society, and to the world in the direction of positive energy. The bigger your heart and this dream can be, the better, the bigger you put it, the less you care about the petty, sesame mung bean-like things in front of you. The depression will naturally get better, and it will also allow you to gain real hair. Happiness and satisfaction from the heart!

    If it weren't for depression, I would never know what it means to be joy, happiness, and satisfaction without any external giving. I, Li Jiaqi, want to declare to the world that I was once a severely depressed person and I am proud of it!

    I hope you will get rid of all mental and mental problems such as depression and anxiety as soon as possible, because when you are inside, you won't get any benefits, all suffering. Only when you come out, all the pains you have experienced have become the most precious life experience. Then you will be just like me, and you will be proud of it!

Where do the individual differences in depression treatment come from?

 It is often said that the individual variability of patients with depression (major depressive disorder, MDD) in response to medications is great.

Recently, a meta-analysis study tried to use the latest statistical methods to analyze this statement-unlike some previous meta-analysis, the researchers did not assume the connection between the mean and the variance, they used the random slope mixed effects model ( random-slope mixed-effects model) can directly use data to estimate this relationship. The primary question discussed in the study is: in randomised control trials (RCT), whether the individual difference in symptom improvement of patients who received antidepressant (AD) treatment will be greater than that of the placebo group What about? It should be noted that due to the limitation of data sources, the study only focused on the changes in the total scores of patients on the depression scale, and did not pay attention to the potential differences in specific symptoms or biomarkers.

The results showed that although the difference in response of the drug treatment group was about 2% more than that of the placebo group as a whole, the difference was not significant. Looking at the different types of drugs alone, the researchers did not find a significant difference. At the same time, researchers are also concerned that some antidepressants will act on multiple neurotransmitter systems at the same time. Are the individual response differences brought about by these drugs greater than some more specific drugs? Pairwise comparison shows that only the comparison between noradrenaline (NA) and Selective Serontonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) has a significant difference, but this may be different from NA The longer the course of the drug is related to the length of the treatment. In addition, there was no significant effect on the baseline severity of depression before treatment and the experimental year.

How to interpret these results? The researchers said that the so-called Heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) is not reflected in the total score of the depression scale, because the "efficacy" of the placebo group is also variable. However, it is worth noting that there was also a review published in the same journal, whose author believes that the existing meta-analysis methods cannot estimate the covariance between the placebo effect and the drug efficacy. If the covariance is less than zero, it can offset the difference in variance between the two groups. Therefore, the non-significant results obtained by the study are difficult to completely rule out the existence of HTE. The consensus of the two articles is that future attempts at individualized medicine should focus on specific symptoms and biomarkers, while HTE research should also focus on individual differences in non-drug treatments.

References: Maslej MM, Furukawa TA, Cipriani A, Andrews PW, Mulsant BH. Individual Differences in Response to Antidepressants: A Meta-analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(6):607–617.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4564

Adherence to a vegetarian diet is associated with a significantly higher risk of depression, but it remains to be confirmed

 Vegetarian diet refers to the dietary habit where food is mainly derived from plants.

In recent years, people’s attitude towards vegetarianism has become more scientific, and people have begun to pay attention to the physical and mental health risks behind it.

A number of previous epidemiological studies have explored the correlation between vegetarianism and the risk of depression, but the positive and negative evidence is mixed, and many studies lack meaningful subgroup analysis, which leads to this subject to be further clarified.

In this context, Nutrition Reviews, a well-known journal in the field of nutrition, recently published a systematic review and meta-analysis online to discuss the relationship between vegetarianism and the risk of depression.

Studies have shown that although on the whole, vegetarianism may be associated with an increased risk of depression, the above conclusions are not accurate after comprehensively considering the results of subgroup analysis and depression scores.

Researchers pointed out that vegetarianism may be the result of a series of intrinsic motivations, including religion, health concerns, socio-economic factors, environmental views, views on killing, and so on.

Once you understand the laws of the world, health and wealth will come!

 Why is modern technology more and more developed, and we are more and more suffering from various intractable diseases?

It stands to reason that medical conditions are getting better and better now, what kind of quantum therapy, artificial intelligence, MRI, etc., diseases should be better and better to deal with, but why are there more and more patients now? Is the disease more and more complicated?

Many people want money, money, famous names, and they can take the most expensive medicine in the world, get the best doctors in the world, and live in the most expensive hospital beds in the world, but why can't they still cure their diseases?

What is the underlying reason behind this?

In fact, the current disease is no longer simply a problem with our body's functioning, but a problem with our psychology!

Cultivating the mind and curing the disease should complement each other and are indispensable. If a person does not understand how to cultivate his heart, he will not be able to prolong his life even if he takes Lingdan Qiongye. Qin Shihuang is powerful enough, right? He mobilized the power of the whole country but couldn't find the panacea.

Uneasy mind, irritability, desire, and long-lasting hatred are the root causes of modern people's illnesses.

The number one taboo of the heart is：chaos.

If you mind was messed up, everything will go wrong.

Human health is inseparable from enough qi and blood. Peace of mind results in harmony of qi, harmony of qi leads to smooth blood, and smooth blood leads to sufficient energy. People pay attention to a "spiritual spirit" as long as they are alive. At this time, people's resistance and immunity are very tenacious.

In fact, whether it is fighting a war or doing sales, or starting a business, etc., people must have a high-spirited state in order to overcome difficulties.

Therefore, treatment should be focused on concentrating the mind. Some people are too fragile in their hearts. For example, they suddenly know that they have a serious illness or cancer, and their hearts collapse in an instant, which is troublesome.

When people are sick, they must not have resentment, complain about the injustice of God, complain about the fate, as long as the heart is stable and deal with it calmly, then there will be minor problems.

Why are those who walk through the road healthier? Because they are proficient in the logic of the operation of everything in the world, they understand that suffering is a part of life, and that ups and downs are the normal state of life, so when they face setbacks, they do not complain, but face it calmly.

There are laws in everything and everything goes through the four processes of growing, growing, harvesting, and hiding. Planting in spring, growing in summer, harvesting in autumn, and storing in winter, each stage has its own characteristics.

The second biggest taboo of the heart is: greed.

As a human being, don't covet things that you don't deserve.

A greedy word can make people confused, confounded by ghosts, behave in a disorderly way, is it a trivial matter to cause chaos outside of the body, and mess up the functioning of one's body, this is the big thing!

As long as people are greedy, they will inevitably overdraft their body to ask for more things. Behind the insatiable greed is the overdraft. In a short time, the body's problems will not appear, but as long as it appears, it is often hard to return!

The third taboo of the heart is ：hate.

There is an unsolvable hate first, and then there is a disease that cannot be cured.

If a person always blames all problems on the outside world, it means that they never reflect on their own problems and cannot see their inner deficiencies.

Hate others, hate the environment, hate the injustice of the heavens, hate the untimely life, this kind of people will certainly show a cynical appearance, their hearts are out of balance, and the words and behaviors they show must also be out of balance.

Such people tend to be depressed, depressed, depressed, sensitive, and develop for a long time, and the physical condition can be imagined.

Let it go, just let it go, the sick will heal, and the lost will feel.

People who smoke and drink may be less likely to suffer from depression?

Recently, the authoritative journal eLife in the field of biomedicine published a paper. Professor Feng Jianfeng, Dean of the Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence Science and Technology of Fudan University, collaborated with researchers from the University of Warwick, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge and other researchers to study whether smoking and drinking have an effect on the brain. influential.

The results of the study showed that the brain functional connections of smokers showed an overall weakening trend, mainly involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the precuneus.

The brain function connections of people who drink alcohol show an overall increasing trend, mainly involving the medial orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and other brain areas. It shows that a small amount of smoking and drinking will affect the cognitive function of the human brain, but at the same time, it may alleviate depression.

One possible explanation is that smokers can self-administer nicotine to increase the connectivity of brain functions, thereby improving concentration and alertness.

The brain connection of patients with depression is the opposite of the abnormal pattern of smoking and drinking groups. Therefore, it is believed that smokers and drinkers are not susceptible to depression. The team is very interested in this relationship and will do research in this area.